Nonlinear Processes in Geophysics www.nonlin-processes-geophys.net 1023-5809 1607-7946 11 2 2004 10.5194/npg-11-259-2004 http://www.nonlin-processes-geophys.net/11/259/2004/ http://www.nonlin-processes-geophys.net/11/259/2004/npg-11-259-2004.html http://www.nonlin-processes-geophys.net/11/259/2004/npg-11-259-2004.pdf 259 266 2004-04-14 Theory and observation of double discontinuities Y. C. Whang Catholic University of America, Room 107, Pangborn Hall, Washington, D. C. 20064, USA Recent research using high-resolution magnetic field data to examine the interior structures of MHD shocks in interplanetary space and in the magnetotail led to a surprising discovery that a slow-mode shock is often followed by an adjoining rotational discontinuity layer on the postshock side. The thickness of each layer is of the order of a few ion inertial lengths. Such a compound structure is known as a double discontinuity. When the magnetic field rotates by several degrees per ion inertial length inside a thin layer, the Hall current term becomes important in the generalized Ohm's law. Steady state solutions based on the Hall-MHD theory have been obtained to show the merging of a rotational layer and a slow shock layer to form a compound structure like the observed double discontinuities.