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www.nonlin-processes-geophys.net/2/16/1995/
doi:10.5194/npg-2-16-1995
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The l1/2 law and multifractal topography: theory and analysis
1Physics Dept., McGill University, 3600 University St., Montreal, Quebec H3A 2T8, Montreal
2Earth-Space Research Group, Institute for Computational Earth System Science, CRSEO-Ellison Hall, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106-3060, USA
3Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique, Univ. Pierre et Marie Curie, 4 Pl. Jussieu, 75252 Paris Cedex 05, France
4Météorologie Nationale, 2 Avenue Rapp, Paris 75007, France
Abstract. Over wide ranges of scale, orographic processes have no obvious scale; this has provided the justification for both deterministic and monofractal scaling models of the earth's topography. These models predict that differences in altitude (Δh) vary with horizontal separation (l) as Δh ≈ lH. The scaling exponent has been estimated theoretically and empirically to have the value H=1/2. Scale invariant nonlinear processes are now known to generally give rise to multifractals and we have recently empirically shown that topography is indeed a special kind of theoretically predicted "universal" multifractal. In this paper we provide a multifractal generalization of the l1/2 law, and propose two distinct multifractal models, each leading via dimensional arguments to the exponent 1/2. The first, for ocean bathymetry assumes that the orographic dynamics are dominated by heat fluxes from the earth's mantle, whereas the second - for continental topography - is based on tectonic movement and gravity. We test these ideas empirically on digital elevation models of Deadman's Butte, Wyoming.
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Citation: Lovejoy, S., Lavallée, D., Schertzer, D., and Ladoy, P.: The l1/2 law and multifractal topography: theory and analysis, Nonlin. Processes Geophys., 2, 16-22, doi:10.5194/npg-2-16-1995, 1995. Bibtex EndNote Reference Manager XML
